The past participle of regular verbs is -ed (cleaned/damaged etc.). For a list of irregular past participles (done/built/taken etc.), see Appendix 2–3.
Butter is made from milk.
Oranges are imported into Britain.
How often are these rooms cleaned?
I am never invited to parties.
This house was built 100 years ago.
These houses were built 100 years ago.
When was the telephone invented?
We weren’t invited to the party last week.
‘Was anybody injured in the accident?’ ‘Yes, two people were taken to hospital.’
C. was / were born
I was born in London in 1962. (not ‘I am born’)
Where were you born?
D. Passive + by …
We were woken up by a loud noise. (= The noise woke us up.)
The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
My brother was bitten by a dog last week.
Examples
The office is cleaned every day.
The office was cleaned yesterday.
Butter is made from milk.
Oranges are imported into Britain.
This house was built 100 years ago.
I was born in London in 1962.
We were woken up by a loud noise.
The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell.
Exercises 21.1 – 21.4
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21.1 Write sentences from the words in brackets (...). Sentences 1–7 are present.
(the office / clean / every day) The office is cleaned every day.
(these rooms / clean / every day?)
(glass / make / from sand)
(stamps / sell / in a post office)
(this room / not / use / very often)
(we / allow / to park here?)
(how / this word / pronounce?)
Sentences 8–15 are past.
(the office / clean / yesterday) The office was cleaned yesterday.
(the house / paint / last month)
(three people / injure / in the accident)
(my bicycle / steal / a few days ago)
(when / this bridge / build?)
(you / invite / to the party last week?)
(how / these windows / break?)
(I / not / wake up / by the noise)
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21.2 Correct these sentences.
This house was built 100 years ago. This house was built …
Football plays in most countries of the world.
Why did the letter send to the wrong address?
A garage is a place where cars repair.
Where are you born?
How many languages are speaking in Switzerland?
Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen.
When was invented the bicycle?
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21.3 Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs:
clean damage find give invite make show steal take
The room is cleaned every day.
I saw an accident yesterday. Two people to hospital.
Paper from wood.
There was a fire at the hotel last week. Two of the rooms .
‘Where did you get this picture?’ ‘It to me by a friend of mine.’
Many American programmes on British television.
‘Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?’ ‘No. They but they didn’t go.’
‘How old is this film?’ ‘It in 1965.’
My car last week but the next day it by the police.