A. be (= am/is/are/was/were) + -ing
am / is / are + -ing
→ Units 3–4 and 26
Please be quiet. I’m working.
It isn’t raining at the moment.
What are you doing this evening?
was / were + -ing
→ Unit 13
I was working when she arrived.
It wasn’t raining, so we went out.
What were you doing at three o’clock?
B. be + past participle (passive)
am / is / are + past participle
→ Unit 21
The room is cleaned every day.
I’m never invited to parties.
Oranges are imported into Britain.
was / were + past participle
→ Unit 21
The room was cleaned yesterday.
These houses were built 100 years ago.
How was the window broken?
Where were you born?
C. have/has + past participle (present perfect)
have / has + past participle
→ Units 15–18
I’ve cleaned my room.
Tom has lost his passport.
Barbara hasn’t been to Canada.
Where have Paul and Linda gone?
D. do/does/did + infinitive
do / does + infinitive
(present simple negative and questions)
→ Units 6–7
I like coffee but I don’t like tea.
Chris doesn’t go out very often.
What do you usually do at weekends?
Does Barbara live alone?
did + infinitive
(past simple negative and questions)
→ Unit 12
I didn’t watch TV yesterday.
It didn’t rain last week.
What time did Paul and Linda go out?